{"id":1530,"date":"2020-11-18T16:33:49","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T09:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/treatment-of-drinking-water-and-environmental-sanitation-after-storms-and-floods\/"},"modified":"2020-11-18T16:33:49","modified_gmt":"2020-11-18T09:33:49","slug":"treatment-of-drinking-water-and-environmental-sanitation-after-storms-and-floods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/treatment-of-drinking-water-and-environmental-sanitation-after-storms-and-floods\/","title":{"rendered":"Treatment of drinking water and environmental sanitation after storms and floods"},"content":{"rendered":"

During storms and floods, water can flood, sweep away everything polluting on the ground such as sewage waste, latrines, carcasses, cattle sheds, poultry, chemicals, trees … pollute the water and the environment. So, as soon as the water recedes, it is necessary to take measures to treat water and the environment to avoid pollution and affect health, and follow the principle of “where the water drains, and the sanitation is there”. The health sector needs to coordinate closely with local authorities to mobilize and guide people to clean up in combination with water treatment and environmental sanitation.<\/p>\n

\"X\u1eed<\/p>\n

1. Treatment of wells for eating, drinking and living – Deep wells: Even though plastic and lids are used to seal the well, the water in the well is still heavily polluted because the lid and the plastic only prevent garbage and sediment from entering the well, not dirty water into the well. The water treatment process is conducted according to the following 3 steps:<\/span><\/h4>\n

Step 1. Clean well water. – Clear all puddles around the well area. – Remove cap and well sealing plastic. – Before doing the cleaning and disinfection, the well must be dredged. Use well water to flush the wall to wash away soil, sand and rubbish on the well wall and floor. * If the well is flooded, flooded with turbid water: Must conduct basking wells. Drain the water and remove all sludge. In areas with electricity or generators, use electric pumps to drain the water and then dredge the well. In case it is not possible to dredge, another well should be selected for treatment and sharing. If all wells in the area cannot be dredged out, a temporary treatment can be applied: scoop a few tens of liters to make a storage tank and then beat alum and disinfect, use up another batch, wait a few days. scoop the well water down, proceed to wash.<\/span><\/h4>\n

In case there is no alum to make in water: make a temporary sand filter tank with a barrel, bucket or jar with a volume of about 20-30 liters. Poke a hole 1cm in diameter on the wall 5cm from the bottom of the box, put a little broken brick at the bottom, put a piece of sack on top and pour about 25-30cm thick sand. Pour in well water until the water flows clear, take it to disinfect. * If the well is flooded but flood water does not enter the well and the water from the well: Still need to disinfect before use. If conditions permit, drain and wash, otherwise, can immediately disinfect water in the well for use. Attention: – For wells that have been flooded, it is necessary to wash and disinfect them. – When a series of wells are flooded or flooded with a great demand for water supply but there is insufficient water treatment capacity, in each residential cluster, select a few wells with less pollution and pre-treatment to get water for immediate use. – Centers for disease control in the provinces where storms and floods often occur need to prepare a small generator and a water pump so that some wells can be treated for residential clusters in case of need.<\/span><\/h4>\n

Step 2. Work in well water Use alum (the type commonly used as aluminum alum) with a dose of 50g \/ 1m3. Dissolve all the necessary alum in a bucket of water, water it evenly on the well, drop the bucket to sink deeply into the water and then pull it strongly up about 10 times, then let it sit for 30 minutes to 1 hour for the sediment to settle, then disinfect.<\/span><\/h4>\n

\"L\u00e0m<\/p>\n

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Step 3. Disinfect water wells In principle, well water after disinfection should have excess concentration of chlorine from 0.5 to 1.0 mg \/ liter (with strong odor of chlorine). Calculate the amount of Cloramin B needed for a well on the basis of the concentration needed is 10g \/ m3. Some other chemicals can be used such as: 20% lime chloride (13g \/ m3) or 70% lime chloride (4g \/ m3).<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"Kh\u1eed
\nM\u00fac m\u1ed9t g\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u01b0u \u00fd ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5y tan cho h\u1ebft. T\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng. Th\u1ea3 g\u1ea7u ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i k\u00e9o l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 10 l\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i Clo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec cho th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3 th\u00eca canh b\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u, cho th\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i Clo th\u00ec th\u00f4i. D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng n\u00e0y d\u1ed9i l\u00ean th\u00e0nh gi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng 30 ph\u00fat l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nCh\u00fa \u00fd:<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u2013 N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m trong ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i cho th\u00eam b\u1ed9t Cloramin B.
\n\u2013 Sau khi kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i Clo th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.
\n\u2013 N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng Cloramin nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111un s\u00f4i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1ng.
\nTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111un s\u00f4i 10 ph\u00fat tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau s\u1ed1ng r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng.
\n\u2013 Gi\u1ebfng khoan: B\u01a1m h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u01a1m ti\u1ebfp 15 ph\u00fat n\u1eefa b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh b\u01a1m, s\u00e0n gi\u1ebfng.<\/h4>\n
2. X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u2013 N\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 sa ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i.
\n\u2013 Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat h\u1ebft, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i tanh th\u1ed1i do x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa. C\u1ea7n kh\u01a1i th\u00f4ng c\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh, l\u1ea5p v\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng, chon l\u1ea5p x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf.
\n\u2013 D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p v\u1ec7 sinh nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng treo m\u1eafc qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho mu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n
X\u1eed l\u00fd x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n
a) T\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft: Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd.
\nb) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chon x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt: t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00f4n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng, xa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc (ao, song, h\u1ed3\u2026 ) \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 50m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00f4n x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u1edf trong v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 30m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf.
\nc) \u0110\u00e0o h\u1ed1 ch\u00f4n: sao cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9i s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 0,8m. Chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1edbt m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y 10cm ch\u1ed7 x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt n\u1eb1m cho v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 ch\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ed5 2-3 kg v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t l\u00ean tr\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c phun dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf (Crezil, Cloramin\u2026 ) n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi 100mg\/l Cloramin 27%) r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e8n ch\u1eb7t. C\u1eafm bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi.
\nd) Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt: sau khi chuy\u1ec3n x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u0111i ch\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i phun thu\u1ed1c kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1eafc v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t hay h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung r\u00e1c (kh\u00f4) v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t.
\ne) Ki\u1ec3m tra n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n s\u00fac v\u1eadt: h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n x\u00e1c s\u00fac v\u1eadt xem c\u00f3 b\u1ecb s\u00fac v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed9t b\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn.
\nNgu\u1ed3n:Trang th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed C\u1ee5c Y t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
During storms and floods, water can flood, sweep away everything polluting on the ground such as sewage waste, latrines, carcasses, cattle sheds, poultry, chemicals, trees … pollute the water and the environment. So, as soon as the water recedes, it is necessary to take measures to treat water and the environment to avoid pollution and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[139,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1530"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1530"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1530\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moitruongthanhan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}